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TEHZÎB Skip to content Bir ilim dalında kaleme alınan özlü eser; bir kitabı kısaltmak, ikmal ve tashih etmek, yeniden düzenlemek suretiyle ortaya konulan eser.
Sözlükte “temizlemek, arıtmak, düzeltmek” anlamındaki tehzîb kelimesi sözle ilgili kullanımında “belâgat ehli tarafından kusur olarak görülen şeylerden arındırmak”, kitap için kullanıldığında “gereksiz bilgileri ayıklayarak kısaltmak” mânasına gelir. Sözlükte “ayıklamak, budamak, kabuğunu soymak” anlamındaki tenkīh de söz ve kitap için bahis konusu edildiğinde iyice gözden geçirme, düzeltmeyi ve ayıklamayı ifade eder. Tehzîb ve tenkīh, ihtisar yanında metin üzerinde yapılan çalışmalarda gösterilen özene ve çabaya işaret etmek amacıyla bazan şerhler için de kullanılmıştır. İbn Hicce el-Hamevî, bedî‘ sanatları arasında tehzîbi ele alırken onu “münakkah her kelâmı kapsayan bir vasıf” diye niteleyip “ister nazım ister nesir olsun kelâmı tekrar tekrar gözden geçirmek, temizlemeye ve ayıklamaya girişmek, değiştirilmesi gerekeni değiştirmek, atılması gerekeni atmak, düzeltilmesi gerekeni düzeltmek, anlaşılması zor olan yerleri, garîb lafızları ve i‘rabı açıklamak …” şeklinde tanımlar; kelâmın “mühezzeb” ve “münakkah” diye nitelenmesi halinde değerinin artacağını belirtir (Ḫizânetü’l-edeb, II, 33). Tehzîb ve tenkīh işleminin yapıldığı söz ve kitaba mühezzeb/münakkah denir; mühezzeb ayıplardan arınmış, temiz ahlâk sahibi kimse için de kullanılır. “Tehzîbü’l-ahlâk” tabiri “ahlâkın güzelleştirilmesi” anlamında olup İslâm ahlâk felsefesiyle ilgili bazı eserlere ad olmuş, bu türdeki eserlerde ferdî ahlâkın güzelleştirilmesine dair bölümlere bu isim verilmiştir. İbn Haldûn, telifin yedi amacını açıklarken beşinci sırada bir ilim dalında dağınık ve düzensiz şekilde yer alan bilgilerin başkası tarafından yeniden düzenlenmesi işini sayar ve buna örnek olarak Sahnûn’un el-Müdevvenetü’l-kübrâ’sı üzerine İbn Ebû Zeyd el-Kayrevânî ve Berâziî’nin yaptığı tehzîb çalışmalarını gösterir (Muḳaddime, s. 499). İbn Haldûn, yedinci sırada hacimli eserlerin kısaltılması işine değinerek tehzîb ile ihtisar arasındaki farkı belirtir (a.g.e., s. 500). Tehzîbler, bir konudaki malzemenin özlü biçimde işlenmesi ve yeniden düzenlenmesi veya hacimli bir kitabın kısaltılması olmak üzere ikiye ayrılır.
1. Muhtasarlarda olduğu gibi tehzîb (mühezzeb, tenkīh) adı taşıyan bazı kitaplar başka bir eserin ihtisarı olmayıp bir ilim dalında yazılmış özlü metinlerdir ve muhteva, dil, üslûp, tertip bakımından özel bir çabayı gösterir. Bu eserlerin bir kısmı belli bir alandaki bütün malzemeyi derleme amacı taşıdığından hacimli olabilir. Muhammed b. Ahmed el-Ezherî Tehẕîbü’l-luġa adlı çok hacimli sözlüğüne (I-XVI, Kahire 1964-1976) bu adı vermesini, Arap diline giren yanlış kelimeleri ayıklamayı ve yer verdiği bilgileri hatadan arındırmayı hedeflemesi, garîb kelimeler ve aslını tesbit edemediği gereksiz ayrıntılarla kitabının hacmini arttırmak istememesi gibi sebeplerle açıklar (I, 54). Sâbikuddin İbn Yaîş es-San‘ânî önce nahve dair el-Muḥîṭ’i kaleme almış, daha sonra aynı konuda yazdığı muhtasar eserine et-Tehẕîbü’l-vasîṭ adını vermiştir (nşr. Fahr Sâlih Süleyman Kadâre, Beyrut 1411/1991). Ebû Amr ed-Dânî, Kur’an’ın başından sonuna kadar yedi kıraat imamının birbirinden farklı okuyuşlarını derlediği özlü eserini et-Tehẕîb limâ teferrede bihî küllü vâḥidin mine’l-ḳurrâʾi’s-sebʿa şeklinde adlandırmıştır (nşr. Hâtim Sâlih ed-Dâmin, Dımaşk 1426/2005). Zeydî âlimi Hâkim el-Cüşemî’nin Zeydî-Mu‘tezilî tefsirlerin kaynağı sayılan on ciltlik eserinin ismi et-Tehẕîb fî tefsîri’l-Ḳurʾân’dır. Muhammed b. Cerîr et-Taberî hadisleri müsnedler şeklinde düzenleyip illet ve tariklerini, garîb lafızları, çıkarılan fıkhî hükümleri, ulemânın görüş ayrılıklarını ve delillerini bir araya getirdiği, ancak tamamlayamadığı eserini Tehẕîbü’l-âs̱âr ve tafṣîlü’s̱-s̱âbit ʿan Resûlillâhi ṣallallāhu ʿaleyhi ve sellem mine’l-aḫbâr diye isimlendirmiştir. Ebû Ca‘fer et-Tûsî’nin İmâmiyye Şîası’nın dört temel hadis kitabından biri olan eseri Tehẕîbü’l-aḥkâm adını taşır (I-X, Necef 1377-1382). İbn Miskeveyh, ahlâk felsefesine dair ilk sistematik çalışma kabul edilen kitabına Tehẕîbü’l-aḫlâḳ ve taṭhîrü’l-aʿrâḳ (nşr. Constantine K. Züreyḳ, Beyrut 1966), İbn Haldûn tasavvufa dair risâlesine Şifâʾü’s-sâʾil li-tehẕîbi’l-mesâʾil (nşr. Muhammed b. Tâvît et-Tancî, İstanbul 1957-1958) ismini vermiştir. Ebû İshak eş-Şîrâzî’nin Şâfiî fıkhında mezhep içindeki farklı görüşleri derlediği eserini el-Müheẕẕeb diye adlandırması (I-II, Kahire 1323; nşr. Muhammed ez-Zühaylî, I-VI, Dımaşk 1416/1996), kitabın özlü olması yanında müellifin bu çalışmasını defalarca gözden geçirdikten sonra nihaî bir metinde karar kılmasıyla da ilişkilidir. Ebü’l-Hattâb el-Kelvezânî’nin et-Tehẕîb fi’l-ferâʾiż’i (nşr. Muhammed Ahmed el-Hûlî, Kahire 1416/1995; nşr. Râşid b. Muhammed el-Hezzâ‘, Cidde 1417/1996) ashap ve tâbiînle diğer ulemâ ve mezhep imamlarının görüşlerine yer verilen muhtasar bir çalışmadır. Ferrâ el-Begavî, Şâfiî fıkhının önemli bir kaynağı sayılan sahâbe ve tâbiîn fakihleriyle diğer mezheplerin görüşlerini içeren eserine et-Tehẕîb adını vermiştir (nşr. Âdil Ahmed Abdülmevcûd – Ali Muhammed Muavvaz, I-VIII, Beyrut 1418/1997). Mâlikî fakihi Ebü’l-Haccâc Yûsuf b. Dûnâs el-Fendelâvî’nin mezhepler arası mukayeseli hukuka dair özlü eserinin ismi Tehẕîbü’l-mesâlik fî nuṣreti meẕhebi Mâlik’tir (nşr. Ahmed b. Muhammed el-Bûşeyhî, I-V, Rabat 1419/1998). Yahyâ b. Şeref en-Nevevî, Müzenî’nin el-Muḫtaṣar’ı, Gazzâlî’nin el-Vasîṭ ile el-Vecîz’i, Ebû İshak eş-Şîrâzî’nin et-Tenbîh’i ile el-Müheẕẕeb’inde ve kendisinin Ravżatü’ṭ-ṭâlibîn adlı eserinde geçen isimleri, nâdir kelimeleri, terimleri ve fıkhî lafızları açıklamak üzere Tehẕîbü’l-esmâʾ ve’l-luġāt’ı kaleme almıştır (I-II, Kahire 1927). Abdülkādir el-Kureşî de benzer bir çalışma yaparak Burhâneddin el-Mergīnânî’nin el-Hidâye’siyle Hüsâmeddin Ali b. Ahmed er-Râzî’nin Ḫulâṣatü’d-delâʾil adlı eserinde geçen âlimler hakkında kısaca bilgi verdiği eserine Tehẕîbü’l-esmâʾi’l-vâḳıʿa fi’l-Hidâye ve’l-Ḫulâṣa adını vermiştir (nşr. Eymen Sâlih Şa‘bân, Beyrut 1419/1998). Hanefî fakihi Sadrüşşerîa es-Sânî, Fahrülislâm el-Pezdevî’nin Kenzü’l-vüṣûl’ünü esas alıp Fahreddin er-Râzî’nin el-Maḥṣûl’ü ve Cemâleddin İbnü’l-Hâcib’in el-Muḫtaṣar’ındaki konuları özetlemek suretiyle yazdığı usûl-i fıkıh metnini Tenḳīḥu’l-uṣûl şeklinde adlandırmıştır. Hanbelî fakihlerinden Ali b. Süleyman el-Merdâvî, dört mezhep ulemâsının görüşlerine yer verdiği muhtasar fıkıh usulü kitabına Taḥrîrü’l-menḳūl fî tehẕîbi ʿilmi’l-uṣûl (nşr. Abdullah Hâşim – Hişâm el-Arabî, Kahire 1429/2008), Sa‘deddin et-Teftâzânî, mantık ve kelâm konularını özlü biçimde ve sade bir üslûpla kaleme aldığı muhtasar eserine Tehẕîbü’l-manṭıḳ ve’l-kelâm ismini vermiştir. Osmanlı âlimi Hezarfen Hüseyin Efendi’nin muhtasar umumi dünya tarihi Tenḳīḥu’t-tevârîḫi’l-mülûk adını taşır.
2. Bir eser üzerinde yapılan ihtisar ve tehzîb çalışmaları temel metinler ve şerhlerin ortaya çıkmasından sonraki dönemlerde görülür. Genellikle IV. (X.) yüzyıldan itibaren rastlanan bu çalışmalarda geniş bilgilerin kısa ve özlü hale getirilerek okuyup anlamada ve istinsahta kolaylığın sağlanması, tekrarların ve zamanla önemsiz duruma gelen bilgilerin ayıklanması, böylece eserden beklenen faydanın sağlanması gibi amaçlar gözetilir (bk. MUHTASAR). Temelde bir ihtisar sayılması bakımından tehzîbler muhtasar türü içinde yer alsa da “hulâsa, ihtisar, telhis, muhtâr, mûcez, müntekā, müntehab, mücerred, tecrîd” gibi adlarla anılan eserler söz konusu kitabı tekrar gözden geçirme, gereksiz bilgileri çıkarma, eksikleri tamamlama, yanlışları düzeltme ve metni yeniden düzenleme açısından ayrı bir özelliğe sahiptir. Anılan ihtisar türleri arasında tehzîbler mevcut metni kısaltmaktan çok metni düzenlemeleri, ikmal, tashih ve yeni bir üslûpla ifade etmeleri bakımından öne çıkar. Bu tür çalışmaların asıl metne ne kattığı veya ondan ne eksilttiği hususu ayrı ayrı araştırma ve incelemeyi gerektirir. Ayrıca yapılan ilâvelerle tehzîb çalışması bazan mevcut metni çok daha hacimli hale getirebildiği gibi adında tehzîb kelimesi geçmemekle birlikte bazı muhtasarların tehzîb özelliği taşıması veya tehzîb adı verilen bazı eserlerin sıradan birer muhtasar olması da mümkündür. Tehzîb denildiğinde öncelikle bu ikinci grup eserler kastedilir.
Arap Dili ve Edebiyatı. İbn Şüheyd el-Endelüsî, et-Tehẕîb bi-muḥkemi’t-tertîb’inde (nşr. Ali Hüseyin el-Bevvâb, Riyad 1420/1999) Ebû Bekir ez-Zübeydî’nin Laḥnü’l-ʿâmme’sine ait iki farklı versiyonu birleştirmiştir. Hatîb et-Tebrîzî, İbnü’s-Sikkît’in kelimelerin farklı ve hatalı kullanımlarını incelediği Iṣlâḥu’l-manṭıḳ adlı lugata dair eserinde lüzumsuz tekrarları çıkarmak, şâhid beyitlerdeki yanlışları düzeltmek ve anlaşılması zor ifadeleri açıklamak suretiyle Tehẕîbü Iṣlâḥi’l-manṭıḳ’ı kaleme almıştır (nşr. Fahreddin Kabâve, Beyrut 1403/1983; nşr. Fevzî Abdülazîz Mes‘ûd, I-II, Kahire 1986-1987). Şehâbeddin ez-Zencânî, Cevherî’nin eṣ-Ṣıḥâḥ adlı meşhur sözlüğünü gereksiz gördüğü bilgileri çıkararak önce Tervîḥu’l-ervâḥ fî tehẕîbi’ṣ-Ṣıḥâḥ adıyla ihtisar etmiş, daha sonra bunu Tenḳīḥu’ṣ-Ṣıḥâḥ (Tehẕîbü’ṣ-Ṣıḥâḥ) ismiyle tekrar kısaltmıştır (nşr. Abdüsselâm Hârûn – Ahmed Abdülgafûr Attâr, I-III, Kahire 1372/1952). Muhammed b. Ebû Bekir er-Râzî’nin Muḫtâru’ṣ-Ṣıḥâḥ’ı da ihtisardan çok bir tehzîb çalışmasıdır. Şehâbeddin Mahmûd el-Âlûsî, Harîrî’nin edip ve müelliflere ait dil hatalarının tashihiyle ilgili Dürretü’l-ġavvâṣ fî evhâmi’l-ḫavâṣ’ını Ġāyetü’l-iḫlâṣ bi-tehẕîbi naẓmi Dürreti’l-ġavvâṣ ismiyle şerhetmiştir (Dımaşk 1301).
Tefsir. Çağdaş araştırmacılardan Muhammed Sâdık Kamhâvî, Muhammed b. Uzeyz es-Sicistânî’nin kendi zamanına kadar mushaf tertibine göre yazılan sözlüklerden farklı şekilde alfabetik olarak yazdığı Ġarîbü’l-Ḳurʾân’ını Tehẕîbü Ġarîbi’l-Ḳurʾân adıyla tekrar mushaf tertibine göre düzenleyip bazı küçük ilâvelerde bulunmuştur (Kahire, ts.). Muhammed Ahmed Ken‘ân, İbn Kesîr’in Tefsîrü’l-Ḳurʾâni’l-ʿaẓîm adlı eserinin çeşitli baskılarında görülen hataları tashih edip eseri tamamlamak, zayıf hadisleri çıkarmak, diğerlerini tahriç etmek, dipnotta açıklamalarda bulunmak suretiyle kaleme aldığı eserine Fetḥu’l-ḳadîr tehẕîbü Tefsîri İbn Kes̱îr ismini vermiştir (I-V, Beyrut 1412/1992). Safiyyürrahman el-Mübârekpûrî ve bir grup araştırmacı da İbn Kesîr’in eserini hadisleri tahriç ederek ve zayıflarını ayıklayarak el-Miṣbâḥu’l-münîr fî tehẕîbi Tefsîri İbn Kes̱îr adıyla ihtisar etmiştir (Riyad 1420). Çağdaş Şîa ulemâsından Hüseyin Bereke eş-Şâmî, Fahreddin er-Râzî’nin tefsirini tefsirle doğrudan alâkalı olmayan veya zayıf rivayetlere dayanan bilgileri çıkarıp Şîa’nın konuyla ilgili görüşlerini dipnotlarla göstermek suretiyle yazdığı eserine Tehẕîbü’t-Tefsîri’l-kebîr adını vermiştir (I-VII, Dârü’l-İslâm, 1418/1998).
Hadis. Ebü’l-Kāsım Mühelleb b. Ahmed b. Ebû Sufre, el-Muḫtaṣarü’n-nas̱îḫ fî tehẕîbi’l-Câmiʿi’ṣ-ṣaḥîḥ’inde (nşr. Şerîf Veledebâh, Rabat 1428) Buhârî’nin el-Câmiʿu’ṣ-ṣaḥîḥ’ini nihaî şekilde tamamlayamadan vefat ettiğini söyleyerek eseri belli ölçüler çerçevesinde ihtisar etmiş, mükerrer hadisleri ve benzer bab başlıklarını çıkarmış, çeşitli yerlerde tekrar edilen hadislere ait isnadları birleştirmiş ve eksikleri tamamlamıştır. Halîl b. Keykeldî el-Alâî, Mecdüddin İbnü’l-Esîr’in Kütüb-i Sitte’deki hadisleri bir araya getirdiği Câmiʿu’l-uṣûl li-eḥâdîs̱i’r-Resûl’ünü Tehẕîbü’l-uṣûl fî eḥâdîs̱i’r-Resûl ismiyle ihtisar etmiştir (Süleymaniye Ktp., Yenicami, nr. 179).
Fıkıh ve Fıkıh Usulü. İbn Ebû Zeyd el-Kayrevânî’nin Muḫtaṣarü’l-Müdevvene’si, Sahnûn’a ait el-Müdevvenetü’l-kübrâ’nın özetlenmesiyle hazırlanmış bir tehzîb çalışmasıdır. Ebû Saîd el-Berâziî de el-Müdevvenetü’l-kübrâ’da müellifin son şeklini veremediği bölümler yanında her bölüm altındaki meseleleri takdim ve tehirler yapmak suretiyle düzenleyip özetleyerek et-Tehẕîb fi’ḫtiṣâri’l-Müdevvene’yi kaleme almıştır (nşr. Muhammed el-Emîn Veledü Muhammed Sâlim, Dübey 1420/1999). İbn Rüşd el-Cedd’in el-Muḳaddimât adlı eseri (Kahire 1324; nşr. Muhammed Haccî – Saîd A‘râb, I-III, Beyrut 1408/1988) el-Müdevvene’deki meselelerin daha sistematik hale getirilerek delillendirilmesi, akaid ve fıkıh usulüyle ilgili konuların eklenmesi, mezhep içi görüş ayrılıkları yanında bazan diğer mezheplerin görüşlerine de yer verilmesi bakımından bir muhtasar olmaktan çok bir tehzîb çalışmasıdır. Şehâbeddin el-Karâfî, Kādî Abdülvehhâb’ın fıkıh usulüne dair el-İfâde’si, Bâcî’nin el-İşâre’si ve İbnü’l-Kassâr’ın ʿUyûnü’l-edille’sinin usûl-i fıkha dair mukaddimesinden faydalanarak Fahreddin er-Râzî’nin el-Maḥṣûl’ünü ihtisar etmiş ve eẕ-Ẕaḫîre adlı hacimli fıkıh eserine mukaddime mahiyetindeki bu çalışmasına Tenḳīḥu’l-fuṣûl fi’l-uṣûl adını vermiştir (eẕ-Ẕaḫîre içinde, nşr. Muhammed Haccî, Beyrut 1994, I, 55-161). Tenḳīḥu’l-fuṣûl, el-Maḥṣûl’den özetlendiği ve adı geçen diğer eserlerden derlendiği yönündeki görüşlerden hareketle hem bir kitabın tehzîbine, hem de belli başlı eserlerden yararlanılarak bir konuda özlü bir eser ortaya koyma çalışmalarına örnek gösterilebilir. İbnü’l-Irâkī, Şâfiî fakihi İbnü’l-Mehâmilî’nin el-Lübâb fi’l-fıḳh’ını Tenḳīḥu’l-Lübâb adıyla ihtisar etmiştir. Hanbelî fakihi Ali b. Süleyman el-Merdâvî, Muvaffakuddin İbn Kudâme’nin el-Muḳniʿ adlı eserini önce el-İnṣâf ismiyle şerhetmiş, ardından et-Tenḳīḥu’l-müşbiʿ fî taḥrîri’l-Muḳniʿ adıyla kısaltmıştır (nşr. Muhibbüddin el-Hatîb, Kahire, ts.). Gerek bu eser, gerekse İbnü’n-Neccâr el-Fütûhî’nin bununla el-Muḳniʿden bazı bilgileri çıkarıp ilâvelerde bulunmak suretiyle yazdığı Müntehe’l-irâdât fî cemʿi’l-Muḳniʿ maʿa’t-Tenḳīḥ ve ziyâdât (I-III, Beyrut, ts.) birer tehzib şeklinde değerlendirilebilir. Hanefî âlimi İbn Âbidîn, Hâmid b. Ali el-İmâdî’ye ait el-Fetâva’l-Ḥâmidiyye’yi tekrarları ve genelde bilinen meseleleri çıkarıp yeniden düzenlemek suretiyle el-ʿUḳūdü’d-dürriyye fî tenḳīḥi’l-Fetâva’l-Ḥâmidiyye’yi kaleme almıştır (I-II, Bulak 1300; Kahire 1310). Çağdaş âlimlerden Abdullah b. Abdurrahman Âlü Bessâm, Mansûr b. Yûnus el-Buhûtî’nin ʿUmdetü’ṭ-ṭâlib adlı eserine Osman b. Ahmed en-Necdî’nin Hidâyetü’r-râġıb ismiyle yazdığı şerhi Neylü’l-meʾârib fî tehẕîbi Şerḥi ʿUmdeti’ṭ-ṭâlib adıyla tehzîb ederek metin ve şerhin ibarelerini birleştirmiş, farazî meseleleri ve kölelikle ilgili çoğu hükümleri çıkarmış, zor ifadeleri açıklamış, delillerin önemli bir kısmını almamış ve bazı yeni bilgileri eklemiştir (Kahire, ts.).
Ahlâk ve Tasavvuf. Feyz-i Kâşânî, İḥyâʾü ʿulûmi’d-dîn’i Şîa anlayışıyla bağdaşmayan rivayet ve görüşleri, uygun görmediği tasavvufî bilgileri ayıklayıp ayrıntıları çıkarmak, Ehl-i beyt’e dayanan görüş ve rivayetleri eklemek, başlıkları yeniden düzenlemek suretiyle el-Mehaccetü’l-beyżâʾ fî tehẕîbi’l-İḥyâʾ adlı eserini yazmıştır (nşr. Seyyid Muhammed Mişkât, I-IV, Tahran 1339-1340 hş./1960-1961; nşr. Ali Ekber Gaffârî, I-VIII, Tahran 1339-1340 hş.). Çağdaş âlimlerden Abdüsselâm Muhammed Hârûn da İḥyâʾü ʿulûmi’d-dîn’i özetleyip sadece sahih olan hadislere yer vermiş ve Tehẕîbü İḥyâʾi ʿulûmi’d-dîn adlı çalışmasını ortaya koymuştur (I-II, Beyrut 1409/1988). Abdülmün‘im Sâlih Ali, İbn Kayyim el-Cevziyye’nin Hâce Abdullah-ı Herevî’ye ait Menâzilü’s-sâʾirîn’e Medâricü’s-sâlikîn adıyla yazdığı şerhi, Herevî’nin bazı ifadelerini çıkarıp bazılarını daha anlaşılır hale getirmek, İbn Kayyim’in verdiği cevapları ve yaptığı açıklamaları özetlemek, konuyla doğrudan ilgisi bulunmayan fıkhî bilgileri, anlaşılması zor tasavvuf terimlerini, garîb lugatları, şiir örneklerini, zayıf hadisleri, İsrâiliyat’ı çıkarmak, metinde takdim ve tehirler yapmak, alt başlıklar eklemek suretiyle Tehẕîbü Medârici’s-sâlikîn’i hazırlamıştır (I-II, Dımaşk 1408/1987).
Tarih ve Biyografi. Abdülganî el-Cemmâîlî’nin Kütüb-i Sitte râvilerine dair el-Kemâl fî esmâʾi’r-ricâl adlı eserini Yûsuf b. Abdurrahman el-Mizzî ihtisar edip düzeltmiş, yeni bilgiler ekleyerek eseri genişletmiş ve çalışmasına Tehẕîbü’l-Kemâl fî esmâʾi’r-ricâl adını vermiştir (nşr. Beşşâr Avvâd Ma‘rûf, I-XXXV, Beyrut 1402-1413). Zehebî bu eseri bazı tashih ve ikmallerle Teẕhîbü’t-Tehẕîb adıyla ihtisar etmiş, İbn Hacer el-Askalânî, râvilerin cerh ve ta‘dîliyle ilgili bilgilerle yetinip eseri kısaltmak ve el-Kemâl’de bulunup Mizzî’nin çıkardığı biyografileri eklemek suretiyle Tehẕîbü’t-Tehẕîb’i meydana getirmiştir (I-XII, Haydarâbâd 1325-1327). İzzeddin İbnü’l-Esîr, Sem‘ânî’nin el-Ensâb’ı üzerine kaleme aldığı el-Lübâb fî tehẕîbi’l-Ensâb’ın önsözünde eserin fazla ayrıntıya girerek ensâb türünden çok tarih kitabına benzediğini, bazı hatalar içerdiğini ve kendisinin kitabı ihtisar edip hatalara işaret etmeye çalıştığını söylemiş, ayrıca tehzîb sırasında izlediği kuralları zikretmiştir. İbn Mâkûlâ, hocası Hatîb el-Bağdâdî’nin Dârekutnî ve Abdülganî el-Ezdî’ye ait el-Müʾtelif ve’l-Muḫtelif’ler üzerine yazdığı el-Müʾtenif fî tekmileti’l-Muḫtelif ve’l-Müʾtelif’iyle adı geçen eserlerin eksiklerini gidermek ve yanlışlarını düzeltmek amacıyla önce el-İkmâl fî refʿi’l-irtiyâb ʿani’l-Müʾtelif ve’l-muḫtelif’i yazmış, burada muhtemelen hocasını gücendirmemek için onun ve diğerlerinin hatalarına işaret etmeden doğru kabul ettiği bilgileri zikretmiş, ancak daha sonra kitaplardaki hataların doğru, kendi yazdıklarının yanlış sayılabileceği endişesiyle bu üç âlimin hatalarını tashih ettiği Tehẕîbü müstemirri’l-evhâm ʿalâ ẕevi’l-maʿrife ve üli’l-efhâm adlı eserini yazmıştır (nşr. Seyyid Kesrevî Hasan, Beyrut 1410/1990).
Osmanlı âlimi Molla Arap, Tirmizî’nin eş-Şemâʾil’ini ihtisar ederek yeniden düzenlemiş ve eserine Tehẕîbü’ş-Şemâʾil adını vermiştir (Süleymaniye Ktp., Lâleli, nr. 1547). Tarihçi Abdülkādir Bedrân, İbn Asâkir’in Târîḫu medîneti Dımaşḳ adlı yetmiş ciltlik eserini, tekrarları ve senedleri çıkarmak, hadislerin sıhhat derecesine işaret etmek, anlaşılması zor ifadeleri açıklamak ve istinsah hatalarını düzeltmek suretiyle Tehẕîbü Târîḫi İbn ʿAsâkir adıyla on üç cilt halinde ihtisar etmiştir (I-V, Dımaşk 1329-1332; VI-VII, nşr. Ahmed Ubeyd, Dımaşk 1349, 1351, diğer altı cilt Dârü’l-kütübi’z-Zâhiriyye’de yazma halinde bulunmaktadır). Çağdaş araştırmacılardan Ziyâeddin Receb Şehâbeddin, İbn Haldûn’un Muḳaddime’sine geniş bir giriş yazmış, gereksiz, anlaşılması zor veya yanlış bilgiler içeren bölümleri çıkarmış, metni yer yer düzenleyip hadisleri tahriç etmiş, anlaşılması güç kelimeleri ve müellifin bazı görüşlerini açıklayarak gerektiğinde eleştirmiş ve bu çalışmasını ed-Dürrü’l-maṣûn bi-tehẕîbi Muḳaddimeti İbn Ḫaldûn adıyla yayımlamıştır (Şârika 1416/1995). Yine çağdaş âlimlerden Abdullah b. Abdülkādir et-Telîdî, Süyûtî’nin el-Ḫaṣâʾiṣü’l-kübrâ’sını zayıf veya mükerrer hadisleri, uydurma ve İsrâiliyat türü haberleri, sağlam bir delile dayanmayan hasâisi çıkarmak, hadisleri tahriç etmek, bazı hadisler ekleyip açıklamalarda bulunmak suretiyle Tehẕîbü’l-Ḫaṣâʾiṣi’n-nebeviyyeti’l-kübrâ’yı (Tanca 1406; Beyrut 1410), ayrıca Kādî İyâz’ın eş-Şifâʾsını bazı isnadları, gereksiz bilgileri, güvenilir olmayan nakilleri ve zayıf hadisleri çıkarmak, diğer hadisleri tahriç etmek, yine bazı hadisler ekleyip açıklamalar yapmak suretiyle İtḥâfü ehli’l-vefâ bi-tehẕîbi Kitâbi’ş-Şifâʾyı (Beyrut 1421/2000) meydana getirmiştir. Çağdaş araştırmacılardan Ahmed Fâyiz el-Hımsî, Zehebî’nin yirmi beş ciltlik Siyeru aʿlâmi’n-nübelâʾsını Tehẕîbü Siyeri aʿlâmi’n-nübelâʾ adıyla özetlemiştir (I-III, Beyrut 1991, 1413/1992).
BİBLİYOGRAFYA Tehẕîbü’l-luġa, I, 54; Lisânü’l-ʿArab, “hẕb”, “nḳḥ” md.leri; Tâcü’l-ʿarûs, “hẕb”, “nḳḥ” md.-leri; Berâziî, et-Tehẕîb fi’ḫtiṣâri’l-Müdevvene (nşr. Muhammed el-Emîn Veledü Muhammed Sâlim b. eş-Şeyh), Dübey 1420/1999, neşredenin girişi, I, 24, 29-30, 127, 135; İbnü’l-Esîr, el-Lübâb, I, 5-8; Mizzî, Tehẕîbü’l-Kemâl, I, 147-156; İbn Haldûn, Muḳaddime , Kahire, ts. (Dârü’ş-şa‘b), s. 499-500; İbn Hicce, Ḫizânetü’l-edeb (nşr. Selâhaddin el-Hevvârî), Sayda 1426/2006, II, 33; Keşfü’ẓ-ẓunûn, I, 496-500, 514-518; Îżâḥu’l-meknûn, I, 330-332, 341-342; İsmail Durmuş, “Muhtasar”, DİA, XXXI, 57.
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